Stress fractures occur when muscles become tired through overuse, and they are unable to absorb any extra stress. When this happens, the muscle transfers the stress to the bone. This causes tiny cracks, or stress fractures, to form. According to the AFP , females, athletes, and military recruits are at higher risk of developing stress fractures. Females, athletes, and military recruits are all at a higher risk of developing stress fractures, according to the AFP. The shinbone is the long bone that people fracture most often, according to the AAOS.
A fracture to the shinbone can occur due to significant trauma to the leg, such as from a car accident or a bad fall. Treatment for a fracture will depend on the type of fracture a person has.
For less serious fractures, treatment involves:. If the person has an open fracture or one that does not heal with nonsurgical methods, it may require surgery. According to the AAOS , adamantinoma and osteofibrous dysplasia OFD are rare forms of bone tumors that often begin growing in the shinbone. There are many similarities between the two tumors, and doctors think that they are related. Adamantinoma can spread to other parts of the bone. According to the National Cancer Institute , adamantinoma typically appears in young people after their bones have stopped growing.
It is a noncancerous tumor that does not spread and often forms during childhood. A third type of tumor called OFD-like adamantinoma contains cancerous and noncancerous cells and does not spread to other parts of the body. Adamantinomas will require surgery to remove them as they do not respond to chemotherapy or other cancer treatment.
However, if symptoms are present, they can include:. People with fibrous dysplasia will experience abnormal fibrous tissue growth in the place of normal bone. Fibrous dysplasia most commonly occurs in the:. Signs that fibrous dysplasia has turned cancerous include rapid swelling of the region and increasing pain levels. It may not be possible to prevent some of the conditions that cause shin pain, such as genetic conditions and accidents.
However, a person can help prevent shin pain from an injury in the following ways:. Take ibuprofen, naproxen, or aspirin to decrease swelling and to help with pain.
Know these medicines have side effects and can cause ulcers and bleeding. Talk to your doctor about how much you can take. Use arch supports. Talk with your doctor and physical therapist about wearing the proper shoes, and about special shock-absorbing insoles or orthotics to wear inside your shoes. Work with a physical therapist. They can use therapies that may help with the pain.
They can teach you exercises to strengthen your leg muscles. How to Prevent Shin Splints. To prevent shin splints from recurring: Be pain-free for at least 2 weeks before returning to your exercise routine. Do not overdo your exercise routine. Do not return to your previous level of intensity. Go slower, for a shorter time.
Increase your training slowly. Warm up and stretch before and after exercise. Ice your shins after exercise to decrease swelling. Avoid hard surfaces. Wear proper shoes with good support and padding. Consider changing the surface that you train on. Cross train and add in low impact exercise, such as swimming or biking. When to Call the Doctor. Shin splints are most often not serious. Call your health care provider if: You have pain after several weeks even with rest, icing, and pain relievers.
You are not sure whether your pain is caused by shin splints. Swelling in your lower legs is getting worse. Your shin is red and feels hot to the touch. Alternative Names. Related MedlinePlus Health Topics.
If it's not getting better, they may be able to refer you to a physiotherapist. Physiotherapy from the NHS might not be available everywhere and waiting times can be long. You can also get it privately. They can tell you the right place to get help if you need to see someone. Page last reviewed: 10 December Next review due: 10 December Shin splints.
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